Enhanced Removal of Everzol Orange and Supra Yellow Dyes from Wastewater using Optimized Multi-Layred Fixed-Bed Columns with Hibred Adsorbents of Blended Rice Husk and Carbonized Palm Shell

الملخص

The global shortage of safe drinking water due to contamination by pollutants, particularly synthetic dyes, poses significant environmental and health challenges. This study investigates the adsorption of Everzol Orange 3R (EO-D) and Supra Yellow RL (SY-D) dyes from simulated wastewater using combined modified adsorbents derived from blended rice husk and carbonized palm shell (BRH-CPS) in a multi-layered fixed-bed columns system. Six types of adsorbents were prepared, including pure BRH, pure CPS, and four hybrid adsorbents with varying BRH:CPS ratios (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%). Each adsorbent was characterized through element analysis, BET surface area measurements, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Performance was evaluated using removal efficiency and area under the graph analysis. The results demonstrated that the hybrid adsorbent of 20% BRH and 80% CPS exhibited superior performance compared to pure adsorbents, with removal efficiencies of 97.93% for EO-d and 99.75% for SY-D, demonstrating the effectiveness of multi-layered bed columns over single-layer systems. The present study reveals the novelty of combining multi-layered bed columns with hybrid adsorbents, offering enhanced dye removal efficiency, overcoming limitation such as vacant spaces, and channeling effects observed in single-layer systems. This approach provides a cost-effective and sustainable solution for treating dye-contaminated wastewater.