Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antimicrobial Use among Livestock Farming in Nalut Region ,Libya

الملخص

The widespread and indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal production is the primary contributor to antimicrobial resistance, which has become an increasing concern for public and animal health in developing countries such as Libya. This research aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antimicrobial use among a sample of livestock breeders in the Nalut region of northwestern Libya. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology for data analysis. A questionnaire was designed as the primary tool to collect the required data and information and was distributed to a random sample of 77 breeders. The results revealed that the majority of the study sample were male (89.6%), with the highest percentage of animals raised being sheep (79.2%), followed by poultry (49.4%). It was observed that 65% of the breeders rely on the use of antibiotics for their animals. The findings also indicated that 54% of the breeders lack information about antimicrobial residues in animal products, and 50% are unaware of the risks associated with the overuse of antimicrobials. Conversely, it was noted that 52% are unfamiliar with the concept of the withdrawal period for antimicrobials. Additionally, 75% emphasized the necessity of a legal framework to regulate the use of these substances. Among the concerning practices revealed by the results, 65% of the breeders obtain antimicrobials without a prescription, and 42% use them without medical consultation. Furthermore, 66% do not read the instructions for use or check the expiration dates, 27% use antimicrobials for prevention, 23% as growth promoters, and 62% do not observe the critical withdrawal period for antimicrobials in animal products. These findings underscore the urgent need for immediate intervention to enhance breeders' knowledge and attitudes toward antimicrobials and to curb irresponsible practices in their use. The study provided a set of recommendations, including targeted strategies such as awareness campaigns, training programs, and government initiatives to ensure the appropriate use of antimicrobials and mitigate their health risks.