Exploring the Barriers to E-Commerce Adoption in Libyan SMEs: A case of China and Malaysia

Abstract

This study investigates the key barriers hindering the adoption of e-commerce among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Libya. Despite the global shift toward digitalization, Libyan SMEs remain largely disengaged from the e-commerce ecosystem. Through qualitative inquiry and semi-structured interviews with SME owners, digital experts, and government officials, the study identifies major obstacles including inadequate infrastructure, lack of digital skills, weak regulatory frameworks, and low consumer trust. Drawing lessons from successful experiences in China and Malaysia, the study provides actionable recommendations to enable digital transformation in the Libyan SME sector.