A Comprehensive Review of Li-Fi Systems for Text and Data Transmission

Abstract

Text transmission via Li-Fi is shown to be feasible across multiple prototype systems. One study describes a low-cost setup that sends text using an LED, an ATmega16L, an operational amplifier, and a photodiode with binary on/off encoding,reporting “top notch” speed, efficiency, and security. Two other studies employing LED bulbs and photodiode receivers use light intensity modulation to send both text and images at speeds of 10 Mbps (with a goal of 100 Mbps), while another system using high-power LED arrays reports rates up to 500 Mbit/s. Most implementations rely on simple LED sources paired with photodiodes (often supported by microcontrollers such as Arduino, ATmega16L, or PIC) and achieve high security, though limitations in range and a requirement for line-of-sight are noted. Several studies explicitly state that text messaging can be managed by encoding techniques such as binary mapping (including Morse code) or by varying LED current intensity. These results support sending text using Li-Fi technology when systems use off-the-shelf components and standard protocols, achieving competitive and sometimes superior performance compared with traditional wireless communication.