Bacterial Contamination of Libyan Banknotes in Circulation in Hun City

Abstract

Paper banknotes are contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, as well as viruses. They can act as environmental vectors for diseases caused by these pathogens to many who handle them. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from Libyan banknotes circulating in Hun city. 42 samples of different banknote denominations (1 dinar, 5 dinars, and 10 dinars) were randomly collected from various locations in the city. These samples were compared using the SPSS statistical software and ANOVA. Significant differences were found between the different banknotes studied. The results showed that 100% of the studied samples were contaminated with bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria were the most prevalent, representing 53% of the total bacterial isolates, while Gram-positive bacteria were less common, representing 47% of the total isolates. The most prevalent Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (31.6%) and Staphylococcus spp. (25%). The 1-dinar note showed the highest bacterial contamination rate at 38.2%, while the 5-dinar note showed 35% contamination. The 10-dinar note had the lowest contamination rate at 26%.