Analysis of the Floristic Composition, Biological Spectrum and Chorotype of Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poacea in the AL-Akhdar Mountainous Regions, North- Eastern Libya

Abstract

The study was conducted at 24 sites in the Green Mountain area during the spring and summer seasons of 2024-2025, according to the elevations above sea level and the topography. A total of 267 species within 131 genera were recorded, including 82 species (31%) of monocots and 185 species (69%) of dicots. Annual plants accounted for 189 species, and perennial plants for 78 species. The genera with the highest numbers were represented in the Asteraceae by the genus Crepis (6.06%), in the Fabaceae family by the genus Trifolium (15.11%), and in the Poaceae by the genus Bromus (8.53%). The results showed life-form that Therophytes (68.47%) were the most prevalent among the studied plant families, followed by partially Hemicrypophytes (18.35%) and Geophytes (5.24%). Annual plants of the Fabaceae, Poaceae, and Asteraceae families accounted for 77%, 73%, and 64%, respectively. They have adapted to climatic conditions and all habitats, which is attributed to their strategies for coping with drought periods. The study also indicated that the analysis of chorotype showed that the mono-region pattern was the most widespread, with 152 species (65%), represented by the Mediterranean pattern with 127 species and the Arab desert pattern with 8 species. The Bio-region pattern included 78 species (29%), represented by the Mediterranean–Iran-Turanian. The Mediterranean pattern is more widespread among the species, as climate plays a major role in the distribution of plants. The three families of species are of great importance in the diversity of vegetation in the Jebel Akhdar region, and their environment must be preserved to protect them and ensure the sustainability of the ecosystem.