Stress Distribution Analysis in Implant-Supported Palateless Overdentures with Locator Attachments: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Study Objective The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate how stress is distributed in implant-supported, palateless maxillary overdentures that use Locator attachments. We seek to understand their biomechanical performance, functional efficacy, and the clinical benefits of this design when compared to traditional dentures, paying particular attention to aspects like comfort, stability, load distribution, and the long-term perforFfmance of the prosthetic in edentulous patients. Materials and Methods Our study employed finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the stress distribution in these implant-supported overdentures with Locator attachments. We explored three different approaches: in vitro mechanical testing simulating jaw function, FEA based on 3D models derived from intraoral CT scans, and retrospective analyses through patient surveys aimed at evaluating functional performance and stress behavior under different load scenarios. Results The findings from both the finite element and clinical assessments indicated that palateless overdentures, secured by Locator attachments, managed to effectively spread functional loads. This significantly reduced stress on both the peri-implant bone and the prosthetic parts. Particularly, four non-parallel implants provided optimal load transfer, which helped minimize issues like retention loss and component wear. Complications remained rare and primarily stemmed from attachment fatigue over time, thus affirming the overall mechanical stability and clinical reliability of the system. Conclusion The way stress is distributed in implant-supported palateless overdentures reinforced by Locator attachments is affected by factors such as the number of implants, their position and angulation, as well as the characteristics of the prosthetic materials used. Spreading the implants out wider lessens the stress on both the attachments and the mucosal tissues, which not only boosts the longevity of the prosthesis but also enhances patient comfort. Gaining a comprehensive, evidence-based insight into these biomechanical elements paves the way for better design strategies, improved management of loads, and ultimately, greater long-term success in rehabilitating edentulous patients.