Study the Effect of Cryogenic Cooling Technology using Refrigerant Gas R134a on Surface Roughness During Turning Processes of Aluminum Alloy

Abstract

Surface roughness is one of the most important quality parameters in turning operations, as it directly affects the mechanical and frictional properties of the final component. Factors affecting surface roughness include spindle speed, feed speed, and the cooling system used. This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the differences in surface roughness between dry machining and cryogenic machining using R134a gas, across a range of variable spindle and feed speeds. Cutting parameters used were: spindle speeds: 600, 800, 1000 rpm; feed speeds: 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 mm/rev and depth of cut 1mm the workpiece was aluminum alloy 2024; cooling type: dry machining without cooling and cryogenic cooling using a continuous spray of R134a gas at a pressure of 5 bar, directed directly onto the cutting area. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a roughness meter, and roughness values were measured from three readings for each machining condition. Measurements showed a significant decrease in Ra values when using deep cooling compared to dry machining. The measurements also showed that reducing the feed rate had the greatest effect on reducing surface roughness, followed by increasing the cutting speed. Therefore, for optimal surface quality, a low feed rate and a high cutting speed are recommended.